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New archives on notorious Unit 731 reveal Japanese military’s cover-up of biological warfare_我的网站
一 | 【TechWeb】据外媒报道，欧盟委员会正式宣布对中国电商巨头阿里巴巴旗下跨境电商平台速卖通处以 5.5 亿欧元（约合 6.3 亿美元）的巨额罚款。
二 |
Newly released wartime records from the Hailar branch of Japan's notorious Unit 731 reveal how the Japanese military disguised biological warfare personnel as conventional infantry troops to conceal secret operations, including human experimentation.
The Exhibition Hall of Evidences of Crime Committed by Unit 731 of the Japanese Imperial Army released on Wednesday a 185-page archive of "personal background declaration" from the Hailar branch of Unit 731, also known as "Manchuria Unit 543". The documents show that the Japanese military concealed its biological warfare operations under the guise of conventional infantry units and shed new light on the Soviet Union's continued efforts after World War II to investigate and prosecute Japanese biological warfare crimes.
Unit 731 was a top-secret biological and chemical warfare research base established as the nerve center for Japanese biological warfare in China and Southeast Asia during WWII. At least 3,000 people were used in human experiments conducted by Unit 731, and more than 300,000 people in China were killed by Japan's biological weapons, according to the Xinhua News Agency.
The Japanese Kwantung Army established five branches of Unit 731 in Northeast China - in Hailar, Sunwu, Mudanjiang, Linkou and Dalian. Located in the northeastern part of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, near China's borders with Mongolia and the Soviet Union, the Hailar branch served as a frontline base of the Japanese imperialist army for potential biological warfare operations against the Soviet Union.
The newly released 185-page archive contains key information on 156 members of the Hailar branch of Unit 731, including their names, military ranks, dates of enlistment, duties, transfers and postwar whereabouts. Researchers said the documents constitute first-hand official records for studying the branch's personnel structure and operations.
Jin Shicheng, a researcher at the Exhibition Hall, said the study produced two major findings. First, the documents reveal that the Japanese military recruited personnel under the cover of ordinary infantry units to conceal biological warfare activities. Some personnel, for example, were recruited under the names of conventional units such as Manchuria Unit 97, Unit 177 and Unit 201. They were then sent to Unit 731 headquarters for three months of training before being assigned to the Hailar branch. The deceptive recruitment system was intended to conceal the crimes committed by Unit 731, including human experimentation.
Moreover, the archive provides evidence of continued postwar investigations into Japanese biological warfare crimes. Of the 156 personnel listed in the documents, 145 were captured by Soviet forces after the war and detained in the Soviet Union. Four were tried in Khabarovsk between April and September 1950. The researcher said the records show that Soviet investigations and judicial efforts concerning Japanese biological warfare crimes continued after the trial held in 1949.
A photo published by Xinhua showed a record on medic Tanizaki Hitoshi in the "personal background declaration" records of Unit 731's Hailar branch. Tanizaki, originally named Ozaki Hitoshi, is documented in historical records that, together with his oral testimony, form a chain of evidence further substantiating the crimes committed by Unit 731.
Experts said the new revelation of the Hailar branch deepens research into Unit 731 and, together with previously obtained oral testimony from former members, form a broader chain of evidence. The official records exposed the efforts by the Japanese military to disguise their crimes against humanity and provided further evidence of the state-organized system behind Japan's biological warfare program, while adding important material to research on Unit 731 and postwar prosecutions.
Global Times
。这一金额刷新了自 2022 年《数字服务法》（DSA）落地以来的处罚纪录，矛头直指平台在假冒伪劣及不安全商品管控上的长期缺位。
三 | 此次处罚源于欧盟去年 3 月启动的专项调查。监管核查发现，速卖通平台存在大量不符合欧盟安全及环保规范的商品，涉及不合格玩具、违规化妆品等高风险品类。更深层的隐患在于平台的机制漏洞：非法商品下架往往滞后数周，且违规商品在被删除前仍被算法持续推荐；品牌授权审核环节因人手不足而形同虚设，违规商家极易规避监管，甚至出现下架商品反复上架的现象。
四 | 欧盟数字事务专员 Henna Virkkunen 强调，此次处罚旨在倒逼平台系统性化解线上消费风险，罚款金额综合考量了违规性质、波及 1.93 亿欧盟用户的广泛影响及持续时间。 横向对比可见欧盟监管趋严之势：此前马斯克旗下社交平台 X 被罚 1.2 亿欧元，拼多多旗下 Temu 被罚 2 亿欧元，速卖通此次罚单金额不仅远超两者，更创下历史新高。作为速卖通全球最大市场，欧盟对中国出海平台监管日益收紧，目前速卖通、SHEIN、Temu 三大平台在欧盟用户规模庞大，均被划定为“超大型线上平台”，处于 DSA 的严格监管之下。 针对此次重罚，速卖通官方回应称该处罚金额“不成比例”，未能客观反映平台已搭建的合规体系与整改努力，目前正在评估上诉等应对途径。市场分析认为，此次标志性处罚将显著推高中国跨境电商在欧运营的合规成本，迫使平台全面升级从商品审核到算法推荐的全链路风控体系，中欧跨境电商的监管博弈恐将进一步加剧。
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